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October 25, 2019

In the Talmud’s Most Difficult Tractate, the Rabbis Tackle Mathematical Probability

The case of the mixed-up sacrificial birds.

The talmudic tractate of Kinnim (“nests”) takes up only three pages in standard editions, and includes only Mishnah (the Talmud’s earlier stratum), without Gemara (the later stratum). As the title implies, it is concerned with bird sacrifices, which were mandated—during the time the Temple stood—for a handful of occasions. Traditionally, Kinnim is considered one of the most challenging parts of the Talmud, as Adam Kirsch explains:

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