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January 14, 2022

When Italian Jews Lost the Talmud, but Continued Their Studies

The burning of the Talmud, a Vatican library mystery, and Renaissance Jewish doctors.

In 1553, the Roman Inquisition set about confiscating every edition of the Talmud they could find, and then burned them all at the Campo de’ Fiori, a plaza not far from the Vatican. Many other Jewish books were destroyed as well, and for several decades Italian Jews had to make do without the Talmud. Considering this episode from the standpoint of our present era of information overload, Edward Reichman tells a story that involves a surprising finding at the Vatican library, the controversy in 16th-century Venice involving two Gentile Hebrew publishers and the first-ever printing of Maimonides’ code of Jewish law, and Jewish medical studies in Renaissance in Italy:

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