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August 3, 2023

The Third Temple That Almost Was

Emperor Julian’s unfulfilled promise.

In 586 BCE, the Babylonians destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem. Seventy years later, Jews returning from exile rebuilt it with the permission of the Persian monarchs. The Second Temple remained standing until 70 CE, when the Romans razed it along with the rest of Jerusalem. Since then, the Third Temple has become synonymous with the messianic future. Itzchak Tessler interviews the scholar Yonatan Moss about the moment when history came close to taking a different direction:

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