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July 31, 2023

The Politics and Poetry of Byzantine Jews

Even in the years of decline, the Land of Israel remained a center of Jewish creativity.

The codification of the Jerusalem Talmud at the end of the 4th century CE marked decisively the decline of Jewish life in the Land of Israel, which had begun with the destruction of the Second Temple in the year 70. From the 5th through the 11th centuries, Babylonia would be the demographic, religious, and intellectual center of Jewish life; the Babylonian Talmud (likely completed in the 6th century) would reign supreme; and the g’onim (heads of rabbinic academies) would be held up as religious authorities across the Jewish world. Yet Jewish life continued in what was then the Byzantine province of Palestine, as Tamar Marvin writes:

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