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March 2, 2020

The Cliffside Caves Used by Jewish Revolutionaries Fighting the Roman Empire

Reinforcing Josephus’ description of events, excavations offer a window into the stratagems of the ancient Jewish resistance.

In his account of the Judean revolt against Rome in the 1st century CE, the historian Josephus—who also served as a commander of Jewish forces—mentions nineteen Galilean villages that were fortified against the Romans. Archaeologists have identified four or five of them. Analyzing these excavations and others, Yinon Shivtiel concludes that the rebels used hundreds of both natural and artificially expanded caves in the region’s steep cliffs as hideouts and fortresses:

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