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September 23, 2022

As the Nazis Closed In, Sigmund Freud Refused to Leave Vienna until It Was Almost Too Late

“I can heartily recommend the Gestapo to everyone.”

Like other Jews who shaped and were shaped by pre-World War I Vienna, Sigmund Freud maintained an attachment to the city that was difficult to shake. This attachment explains why the founder of psychoanalysis did not emigrate after Austria descended into fascism in 1934, and was reluctant to leave even after the Nazi takeover in 1938. Patrick Blanchfield reviews a new book about these final years in the life of the most influential Jewish physician of modern times:

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