Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

April 23, 2026

A Talmudic Guide for Identifying (But Not Defining) Heresy

“Sectarians” aren’t Christians but Gnostics.

In his code of Jewish law, Moses Maimonides—in typical fashion—offers a clearcut taxonomy of blasphemy, identifying different talmudic terms with specific proscribed beliefs. There are minim (sectarians), apikorsim (heretics), and kofrim (deniers). By contrast the Talmud, allergic as it is to systematic doctrine, presents only ad-hoc explanations of the terms. Elisha Price investigates these identifications, and what later interpreters make of them:

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